A Special Report:
Spiritual Care At
the End of Life
| by EDWIN R. DUBOSE |
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The project Spiritual Care at the End of Life:
Challenges for Hospital, Hospice, and Congregational
Clergy involved a number of people.
I especially want to thank Paul Numrich
and Gail Glicksman, who conducted the field
research and who, along with Philip Boyle,
offered insights that have been incorporated
into this report. Special thanks must be given
to Reverend Roy Brown of Progressive Baptist
Church in Aurora, Illinois, for his many
important insights into the role of the clergy
and church in the African-American
experience of end-of-life care. Also, thanks
to Andrea Kydd of the Cummings Foundation
and Wayne Ramsey of the Fetzer Institute for
their patience and their support of this
research. Finally, most heartfelt thanks to the
clergy, patients, and family members who
gave so generously of their time.
—E. R. DuBose
NOTES
1. George, "Research Design in End of Life
Research."
2. Christakis and Lamont, "Extent and
Determinants of Error."
3. See for example Buckman, "Communica-tion
in Palliative Care"; Kübler-Ross, On
Death and Dying.
4. For example, Glaser and Strauss, Time for
Dying.
5. For example, Kalish, "Onset of the Dying
Process"; Corr, "Task-based Approach."
6. Copp, "Patients' and Nurses' Constructions."
7. Ramsey, "Indignity."
8. AMA-Institute on Ethics, "Education for
Physicians."
9. Ariès, The Hour of Our Death.
10. See SUPPORT Principal Investigators, "A
Controlled Trial."
11. If one includes Gallup's second highest
mark for the clergy, the number of
respondents who would seek some sup-port
from clergy rises to 71 percent.
12. Bradshaw, "Spiritual Dimension of Hospice."
13. Marcel, Man Against Mass Society.
14. VandeCreek, "Collaboration Between
Nurses and Chaplains."
15. DuBose, "Final Report."
16. Field, Nursing the Dying.
17. Bradshaw, "Spiritual Dimension."
18. Appreciation for this insight goes to Mar-sha
Fowler.
19. Fitchett, Assessing Spiritual Needs.
20. Wakefield, "Spirituality."
21. Fowler and Peterson, "Spiritual Themes."
22. Frank, The Wounded Storyteller.
23. May, The Patient's Ordeal.
24. Doka, "Spiritual Needs of the Dying," 146.
25. Cassell, The Nature of Suffering.
26. For a full discussion of story, see McCur-dy,
"Respecting Persons," 74–99.
27. Nelson, Narrative and Morality, 100; cited
in McCurdy, "Respecting Persons," 79.
28. McCurdy, "Respecting Persons,"87–88.
29. See, for example, Hart, "The Contribution
of Pastoral Care."
30. Ibid., 7.
31. See Ramsey, "Indignity."
32. Kaufman, "The Experience of
Dying/Spirituality," 3.
33. Churchill, "Patient Multiplicity."
34. Marcel, Man Against Mass Society.
35. Churchill, "Patient Multiplicity," 41.
36. Ibid.
37. Driver, Liberating Rites, 93.
38. Anderson, Sacred Dying.
39. Churchill, "Patient Multiplicity," 44.
40. Frank, "Listening for the Patient's Story."
41. Tim Daaleman, personal correspondence,
August 27, 2001.
42. John Schumacher, personal correspon-dence,
September 10, 2001.
43. Kliever, "Death," 512.
RESOURCES
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Ethics. "Education for Physicians on End-of-
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Assessment, 1998.
Anderson, Megory. Sacred Dying: Creating Ritu-als
for Embracing the End of Life.
Roseville, Calif.: Prima Publishing, 2001.
Ariès, Philippe. The Hour of Our Death. New
York: Knopf, 1981.
Bevins, Michael, and Thomas Cole. "Ethics and
Spirituality: Strangers at the End of Life?"
In Focus on the End of Life: Scientific and
Social Issues, edited by M. Powell Lawton,
16–38. New York: Springer Publishing
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Bradshaw, A. "The Spiritual Dimension of Hos-pice:
The Secularization of An Ideal."
Social Science & Medicine 43, no. 3
(1996): 409–419.
Buckman, R. "Communication in Palliative Care:
A Practical Guide." In Oxford Textbook of
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Cassell, Eric. The Nature of Suffering and the
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Christakis, N. A., and E. B. Lamont. "Extent and
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in Terminally Ill Patients: Prospec-tive
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Copp, G. "Patients' and Nurses' Constructions of
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Doka, Kenneth. "The Spiritual Needs of the
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Driver, Tom. Liberating Rites: Understanding
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DuBose, E. R. "Final Report: Conference on the
Clergy and Spiritual Care at the End of
Life." Clergy focus group. The Spiritual
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Last Acts Initiative. Denver, Colo.,
March 5, 1998.
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Frank, Arthur. The Wounded Storyteller: Body,
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Chicago Press, 1997.
Frank, Arthur. "Listening for the Patient's
Story." Human Values Forum Lecture.
Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge,
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The George H. Gallup International Institute.
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the Nathan Cummings Foundation and
Fetzer Institute," October 1997.
George, Linda. "Research Design in End of Life
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at the End-of-Life Research Interest
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Human Services and the Fetzer Institute,
"Integrative Workshop on End-of-life
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Glaser, B. G., and A. L. Strauss. Time for Dying.
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Hart, Curtis W. "The Contribution of Pastoral
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Kalish, R. A. "The Onset of the Dying Process." In
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Kalish, 12–28. New York: Baywood, 1979.
Kaufman, Sharon. "The Experience of
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Department of Health and Human Ser-vices
and the Fetzer Institute, "Integrative
Workshop on End-of-life Research: Focus
on Older Populations," Rockville, Md.,
October 22–23, 2001.
Kliever, Lonnie D. "Death: Western Religious
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Kübler-Ross, E. On Death and Dying. New
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May, William F. The Patient's Ordeal. Blooming-ton,
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McCurdy, David B. "Respecting Persons by
Respecting Their Stories: Pastoral Care
and the Moral Commitment to Respect
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Brook, Ill., 1989.
Nelson, Paul. Narrative and Morality: A Theo-logical
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Ramsey, Paul. "The Indignity of 'Death with
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209–222. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998.
The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. "A
Controlled Trial to Improve Care for Seri-ously
Ill Hospitalized Patients: The Study
to Understand Prognoses and Preferences
for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment
(SUPPORT)," Journal of the American
Medical Association 274 (1995):
1591–98.
VandeCreek, L. "Collaboration Between Nurses
and Chaplains for Spiritual Caregiving."
Seminars in Oncology Nursing 13, no. 4
(November 1997): 279–80.
Wakefield, Gordon. "Spirituality." In The West-minster
Dictionary of Christian Spirituality,
edited by Gordon Wakefield, 361–64.
Philadelphia: John Knox Press, 1983.
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Second Opinion #10
Publisher: Park Ridge Center, Chicago
Date: April, 2002.
ISSN: 0890-1570
112 pages.
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